The Taj Mahal, located in Agra, India, is widely regarded as a symbol of love and is considered one of the most beautiful architectural marvels in the world. Built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal, the construction of this iconic white marble mausoleum took over 20 years to complete. The Taj Mahal is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and attracts millions of visitors each year, showcasing its enduring power.
Introduction of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan:
Symbol of Love the Taj Mahal is mentioned, the name of its builder, Shah Jahan, arises. Born as “Shahabuddin Muhammad Khurram” in Lahore in 1592, Shah Jahan was the fifth monarch of the Mughal Empire, reigning from 1628 to 1658 under the name Shah Jahan. His father was Shahshah Nooruddin Jahangir.
Architectural Background:
Shah Jahan’s reign of thirty years is revered as the pinnacle of Mughal rule, earning him the title of the “labour and architect king” of the era. This period witnessed remarkable advancements in construction and artistry. Many enduring structures, such as Shalimar Bagh, Jahangir’s Tomb, Asif Khan’s Tomb, Wazir Khan Mosque, Diwan-i-Khas, Diwan-i-Aam of the Shahi Fort, Jama Masjid Agra, Red Fort Delhi, Agra Fort, Jama Masjid Delhi, along with royal gardens and other architectural wonders, were erected. Among these, Symbol of Love the Taj Mahal, built by Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal, reigns supreme as the most magnificent and beautiful testament to Mughal architecture.
Introduction to Mumtaz Mahal:
Mumtaz Mahal, whose real name was “Arjamand Banu Begum,” was the stepmother of Shah Jahan and the niece of Queen Noor Jahan, the twentieth wife of Jahangir. Her father, Asif Khan, held an important position in the Mughal court. Mumtaz Mahal married Shah Jahan in 1612 and became his most beloved wife. It is said that Mumtaz Mahal wielded significant influence in court affairs, with some historians suggesting she was the de facto ruler, as no decision was made without her counsel and consent.
She held custody of numerous precious seals of the royal palace, used to authorize official decrees. Despite her influence, Mumtaz Mahal’s life was marked by tragedy, as she passed away following the birth of her fourth child. Initially interred in Burhanpur, her demise deeply affected Emperor Shah Jahan, leading him to withdraw from state affairs and public engagements. He mourned her loss for years, demonstrating his grief by abstaining from celebrations. Shah Jahan remarried four years after Mumtaz Mahal’s death.
Construction of the Taj Mahal:
Six months after Mumtaz Mahal’s demise, her remains were relocated from Berhampur to Agra, where Emperor Shah Jahan commenced the construction of the Taj Mahal on the banks of the river Yamuna. Shah Jahan acquired the land, previously owned by a king, by gifting him a magnificent mansion which we called now Symbol of Love. Formal construction began in 1631, with the main structure completed in 1648. Additional years were dedicated to embellishing the palace, culminating in its completion approximately twenty-two years later, around 1653.
Total Area of the Taj Mahal:
Covering approximately 42 acres, the Taj Mahal encompasses not only the main mausoleum but also a striking mosque, reminiscent of Delhi’s Jemiah Masjid, believed to be crafted by Ustad Isa. A pond adorns the mosque’s front, designated for ritual ablutions. Adjacent to the mosque lies a splendid guest house, known as the “Ivan,” constructed of red marble. Symbol of Love the Taj Mahal’s enclosure features a vast quadrilateral garden, reminiscent of Lahore’s Shalimar Bagh, enclosed by walls on three sides, with the fourth side open to the river. The compound boasts three gates, one large and two smaller, facilitating movement for visitors and palace staff.
the primary structure within the compound is the mausoleum of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan. Exhibiting a fusion of Persian, Turkish, Indian, and Islamic architectural styles, the Taj Mahal stands as a testament to master craftsmanship. Four minarets, each standing at 42 meters, adorn the corners of the Taj Mahal, strategically designed to lean outwards to safeguard the main structure in the event of a collapse.
Expenditure on the Construction of the Taj Mahal:
The construction of the Symbol of Love cost 5 million at the time, equivalent to 35 million ($77.8 million) in 2023 dollars. It is said that more than twenty thousand laborers, artisans, painters, and others were involved in its construction. Among the stones used, white marble was sourced from Rajasthan, while twenty-eight types of coloured stones were imported from countries including Tibet, Italy, Egypt, Afghanistan, and Sri Lanka. The Taj Mahal’s geographical perfection never fails to astonish visitors, making it a timeless example of Mughal architecture.
Architects of the Taj Mahal:
Numerous names have been associated with the construction of this grand edifice. Some historians attribute its design to an Iranian architect named Ustad Isa Effendi, while others credit a French engineer named Austen de Bordeaux, rumoured to have been a disciple of Jesus. Another theory suggests an Italian engineer’s involvement, although evidence is lacking. Emperor Shah Jahan himself, renowned for his architectural acumen, is believed by some to have designed the Taj Mahal’s blueprint. However, the most widely accepted architect is Ahmed Lahori, known for designing the Red Fort of Delhi. Historians generally agree that Muhammad Hanif, Abdul Karim Khan, and Mukkrimat Khan supervised the Taj Mahal’s construction.
Assumptions:
Various assumptions have circulated regarding Symbol of Love the Taj Mahal, including the notion that Shah Jahan mutilated the hands of its builders to prevent them from replicating its splendour, a theory dismissed by historians due to lack of evidence. Similarly, the misconception that Symbol of Love the Taj Mahal was originally a Hindu temple has been refuted by Hindu historians, as well as the Indian court and government.
Features of the Taj Mahal Building:
Symbol of Love the Taj Mahal’s architectural marvels never cease to amaze. Built of enduring white marble, it retains its pristine hue over centuries, while its stones exhibit a remarkable colour-changing quality, appearing white during the day and pink at dawn. Shah Jahan purportedly intended to construct a black Taj Mahal on the opposite bank of the Yamuna River, a dream thwarted by his son, Emperor Aurangzeb, who imprisoned him.
Renowned worldwide for its architectural splendour, Symbol of Love the Taj Mahal is revered as one of the wonders of the world, attracting millions of visitors annually. Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983, it stands as a premier global tourist destination, epitomizing the grandeur of the Mughal era.
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